What is the Haqiqat (Reality) of Hajj?
Article by: Mahbub Morshed
As Ka’ba is the Qibla of the Muslims, it is the holiest place for them. Its sacred history is long. Its description will be found in the holy Qur’an. It says: “Certainly the first House of worship appointed for mankind was at Makkah; full of blessings and guidance for the universe.” (Surah Ale Imran, verse 96)
The history of the House of Allah at Makkah encompasses the holy reminiscence of the Prophets coming before Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) including the original man and first Prophet Hazrat Adam (As) and Hazrat Ibrahim (As), the ancestor of Hazrat Muhammad (Sm).
Ka’ba has become the most respected House having been recognized as the Qibla of the last and the greatest of all Prophets sent by Allah, Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) and his followers, i.e., the Muslims. Centering this Ka’ba, the Muslims observe Hajj (pilgrimage) every year. The objective of performing different rituals of Hajj is — to create obedience to Allah and His dear friend Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) and deep love for them, having remembered the great men, who were involved with Ka’ba and Hajj, to have inspiration for doing honest work by achieving spiritual power to create respect and attachment for them, to be imbibed with establishment of world Muslim fraternity and the ideal of equality through offering prayers by the Muslims altogether, to take vow to make life pure and immune from sins having followed the messages of the great men selected by Allah and accordingly building up oneself as a good Muslim. But it is to be regretted that although the outer formalities are performed with pomp and ceremony, the inner significance of Hajj in rectifying character and improvement of soul of the Muslims is not seen.
The Great Reformer of the Age and Revivor of Muhammadi Islam Sufi Samrat Hazrat Mahbub-e-Khoda Dewanbagi (Maddazilluhul Ali) Hujur Qibla has given a clear explanation of real Hajj and Ka’ba following which a man can attain nearness to Allah through performing real Hajj.
Regarding this Sufi Samrat Hazrat Dewanbagi Hujur Qibla says: Kitabul Iman of Bokhari Sharif citing Ubaidullah Ibne Musa-Ibne Umar (Ra) as saying that Rasulullah (Sm) has said: “The foundation of Islam has been laid on five issues — (1) there is no god but Allah and to swear the testimony that Muhammad (Sm) is the Rasul (Messenger) of Allah; (2) to establish regular salat (prayers); (3) to distribute zakat (charity for the poor); (4) to perform Hajj (pilgrimage) and (5) to observe Roza (fasting) of Ramadan. So the holy Hajj is one of the main foundations of Islam.”
The word ‘Hajj’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘Hajjun’. Its literal meaning is to be determined. In the view of Islamic Shariah, with the swearing of Ehram (preliminary ritual to performing Hajj) on 9 Zilhaj some rituals have to be performed by praying for the salvation of the departed souls at the holy Ka’ba and then having gathered on the Field of Arafat a solemn vow has to be taken to lead one’s life according to the Islamic code, and that is called Hajj. The Great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mostafa (Sm) performed Hajj in the 10th Hijri. During that Hajj he congregated all his followers on the Field of Arafat on Zilhaj 9 to describe the basic principles of Islam and wanted to know from them if he had performed his long eventful activities of life perfectly. Everybody acknowledged that he had performed his duty accurately. At that time a good Message from Allah came to him: “Today I have perfected your religion for you and completed My favour to you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion.” (Surah Al Ma’idah, verse 3)
After that Hazrat Rasul (Sm) upholding the basic principles of Islam asked all, ‘Will you be able to carry out them?’ Having agreed everybody firmly said they would carry out. The Rasul (Sm) of Allah directed the present pilgrims to reach the said principles and ideals the people who were absent there. From then the world Muslims use to perform the holy Hajj with due importance. The Muslims every year congregate on the Field of Arafat on Zilhaj 9 to take solemn vow to lead them to the path guided by Hazrat rasul (Sm)—that we call Hajj. Generally circling round (tawaf) the holy Ka’ba after the swearing of Ehram is called ‘Umrah’. After tawaf having gathered on the Field of Arafat on Zilhaj 9, remembrance of the speech (Khutba) given by Hazrat Rasul (Sm) in his last pilgrimage and to take vow to lead one to the path guided by him (Rasul-Sm) is called Hajj. We can know from history that Hazrat Rasul (Sm) with 114,000 Muslims went to Makkah from Madinah and he had 100 camels for sacrifice. While delivering his Farewell Hajj address, Prophet (Sm) announced—I am leaving the Messages of Allah and the ideal character of His Rasul (Messenger) as your guide. So long you will lead your life according to the ideals of my character having followed the rules of the holy Qur’an, you will not be strayed.
The Hajj is obligatory only for the able Muslims. It means, he who has the physical, mental and monitory ability to perform Hajj by going to Makkah Muazzema, for him it is obligatory at least once in his life. The cause of making Hajj obligatory for the rich is that they generally remain very busy with the worldly affairs. As a result they become somewhat indifferent to observing religion. But by following the rules of the Hajj they get the opportunity of attaining physical and mental training to make their mind attractive to religion. For example, at the time of the swearing of Ehram, wearing two pieces of unstitched white cloth and being bare-headed and bare footed, thoughts about death arise in the mind of the pilgrims. There is a rule that during the Ehram they have to remain meditated only to Allah by giving up all sorts of passion and desire.
Hazrat Rasul (Sm) says: “Die before your death—behave like a dead (man) or be free from all kinds of worldly addiction.”
Ehram is the training on behaviour like a dead. A dead man can’t kill a living being. During the Ehram killing of a living being is prohibited. If anybody does it, changing of his living instincts into dead will fail. So as its penalty he has to sacrifice another animal. During the circling of the holy Ka’ba mind becomes attracted to Allah. On going to the Field of Arafat remembrance of the incidents of forgiveness from sins of the First Father creates repentance in the minds of the pilgrims for forgiveness of their sins and they use to pray for it. Disobeying the commands of Allah Hazrat Adam (As) and Bibi Hawa tasted the fruit of the forbidden tree. For this offence he was separated from Bibi Hawa and after 360 or 390 years’ prayer for forgiveness, Allah forgave his sins through Hazrat Muhammad (Sm). Hazrat Adam (As) received this good news on the Field of Arafat and the reunion with Bibi Hawa took place there after a prolonged suffering of separation from her.
At the time of coming and going to and from Safa-Marwa the pilgrims remember the incidents involving Bibi Hazera and baby Hazrat Ismail (As) and their minds become overwhelmed with respect to them. Having remembered the incidents happened to the persons beloved by Allah, love for them is created in us. By following their custom and behaviour, our obedience to them is expressed. Building the holy Ka’ba, Hazrat Ibrahim (As) stayed there. Expressing respect and obedience to him, his followers used to go round it. By going to the Hajj, the pilgrims use to go round it for seven times till today. The principal cause of it is to express respect and loyalty to the friends of Allah by following the behaviour of Hazrat Rasul (Sm). Having gone to Mina, the pilgrims have to sacrifice animals. Sacrifice of animal is Sunnat-e (religious ceremony of) Ibrahim. As Hazrat Rasul (Sm) had sacrificed animal, being his followers the pilgrims having gone to Mina express respect and loyalty to their Prophet and his forefathers Hazrat Ibrahim (As) and Hazrat Ismail (As) through the sacrifice. On the way they have to throw pebbles at a stone-built plank. Hazrat Ismail (As) threw pebbles at Satan. Satan gave instigation to him while he was going to Mina with his father for being sacrificed. When he acknowledged his father about it, Hazrat Ibrahim (As) advised his son to throw pebbles at Satan. As Hazrat Rasul (Sm) followed the behaviour of Hazrat Ismail (As), having gone to perform Hajj, we also throw pebbles aiming at Satan. The objective of this action is to express honour and loyalty to our Prophet (Sm). Simultaneously, it teaches us to exceed the obstruction if anybody’s passions’ Satan stands in the way to following his (Rasul-Sm) ideals. Offering prayer by visiting the holy Rowaza (Mausoleum) of Hazrat Rasul (Sm) at Madinah awakens deep love for him in the heart of a pilgrim.
In fact, the objective of the rules on the rich to perform the Hajj is to train them for making religion attractive. Having performed real Hajj a rich Muslim learns to lead a peaceful life by obeying the fundamental principles Islam. The main teaching of the Hajj is to take a vow to lead the rest of one’s life in Islamic way having molded his character accordingly. To implement this teaching, the rich have to look for the means of reaching nearness to Allah on their coming back home from the Hajj. They have to keep in touch with the Awlia-e-Keram (friends of Allah) who bear the light of guidance and gives lessons on the ideals of Hazrat Rasul (Sm).
Besides the Hajj of the affluent Muslims, there is other kind of Hajj for all, irrespective of the rich and the poor. Those who have no means to go to the holy House of Allah or to Madinah Monoara to visit the holy Rowaza of Hazrat Rasul (Sm), on their Hajj Hazrat Jalaluddin Rumi (Rh) said, “If you can love a friend of Allah, it will be better and more fruitful than the Akbari (Great) Hajj.” The Hajj that falls on Friday is called ‘Akbari Hajj’. The Great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (Sm) performed the Farewell Hajj on Friday. To narrate the dignity of Akbari Hajj Hazrat Rumi (Rh) has said, “The dignity of the pure heart which has had Allah in it is more than a lakh of Ka’ba.” The cause of it is said, “The holy House of Allah (Ka’ba) has been built with stone and water. But the Heart-Ka’ba of a faithful is built with the pure Light of Allah.” He again said, “In this Ka’ba lived Hazrat Ibrahim (As), but in the Heart-Ka’ba of a faithful lives Allah Himself.” The holy Hadith says: “The heart of a faithful is the Throne of Allah.” So the dignity of the House where Allah lives in is more than that of the house where Ibrahim (As) lived in. Hazrat Rasul (Sm) says: “A faithful (person) is more honourable than the House of Ka’ba.” (Abu Daud)
On visiting the holy House of Allah and after performing the fundamental principles of the Hajj, a love for the religion is created in us; but if we love the friends of Allah, it will be more than that love. If love for Allah and Hazrat Rasul (Sm) is created in you, and if you can be an Ashek (lover) of the Great Prophet (Sm), certainly a communication between you and him will be established. And when you will be acquainted with Hazrat Rasul (Sm), he will make a communication between you and Allah. So if you wish to attain Allah, you have to follow and keep in touch with the person who has attained Him. The holy Qur’an says: “O believers! Fear Allah, and be with those who are truthful.” (Surah At Taubah, verse 119)
As Allah Ta’la lives in a believer, to respect him means to respect Allah; to move at his command means to move at the command of Allah. Allah Ta’la says: “He who obeys the Messenger, (in other words) obeys Allah.” (Surah An Nisa, verse 80)
After Hazrat Rasul (Sm) one has to obey his spiritual successor, the Wali-Allah having the responsibility of giving guidance. Because Allah Ta’la has further said: Obey Me, My Messenger and My selected person who is guiding you. He, who has attained the identity of Allah through ascetic practice, will act at His command getting through elham (Divine Message). He, who has not been able to attained perfection, will act at the command of the Messenger and he, who has not attained the Messenger, will act at the command of the Wali Allah who has got the responsibility of giving guidance—this is the prescript (law) of Allah. There is a specific syllabus to be a Wali-Allah. One who can establish friendship with Allah through the practice prescribed in that syllabus keeping in touch with a perfect morshed (spiritual guide), he becomes a Wali Allah. For example, once the emperor of Balkh Hazrat Ibrahim Bin Adham (Rh) intended to go to perform Hajj. It is described in books that he walked for 14 years at a stretch to go to the Hajj. Through divine insight he saw holy Ka’ba and offered optional prayer every step. In this way from Balkh he reached holy Ka’ba and found no Herem Sharif there. At this he felt distressed. Being prostrated he prayed to Allah, “O Lord! I have come to perform Hajj taking so much pain; but I don’t find Ka’ba.” Divine Message came—“O Ibrahim Adham! Wait.” He prayed again, “O Lord! For what I would wait, please tell me” Again the Divine Message came, “Wait, Ka’ba has gone to receive My beloved friend Rabeya Basri. She is My friend. She intended to perform Hajj. So to show her respect is My duty. For this I have ordered Ka’ba to bring Rabeya Basri here having received her.” Later on when Rabeya Basri (Rh) came with Ka’ba, Hazrat Ibrahim Adham (Rh) asked her, “O Rabeya! I have come to perform Hajj taking so much pains; but I din’t find Ka’ba.” Hazrat Rabeya Basri (Rh) replied, “O Ibrahim! Tell me, whom have you come to visit and pray?” Ibrahim Adham (Rh) said, “I have come to visit and pray to Ka’ba.” Hazrat Rabeya Basri (Rh) said, “I have come to visit and pray to Allah, the Lord of Ka’ba. As I have come to visit and pray to my Lord, so Ka’ba went to receive me.” From this incident it can be imagined that how best the honour of a faithful is.
An incident happening to Hazrat Mojadded Alfesani (Rh) has been described in the book ‘Halat-e-Mashayekh’. Once he intended to perform Hajj. His heart was passionate to visit the holy Ka’ba and the holy Rowaza of Hazrat Rasul (Sm). One day he sat in a morakaba (meditation) after the Magrib (evening) prayers. In this situation he saw that all men and jins were prostrating him as the qibla. At this sight Hazrat Mojadded Alfesani (Rh) gave up meditation. Again he sat in meditation and saw the same scene. In this way after seeing the same three times, he cried out to Allah for help to say, “O Lord! Have I become a polytheist? Forgive me!” At this a Divine Message came from Allah, “O My friend! You intended to perform Hajj. As you are My friend, I have commanded Ka’ba to reach you for the visit. So, Ka’ba is now present at your visit. As men and jins are prostrating Me aiming at Ka’ba, you are seeing that their qibla is at you.” Then Hazrat Mojadded Alfesani (Rh) called an attendant to show a place (25 feet x 40 feet) and told him to surround it with a wall. After its construction the protected place is named ‘Baitul Ka’ba’. But it is a matter of regret that we go to perform Hajj by spending lakhs of taka opposing the Awlia-e-Keram and oppressing the servants of Allah having misappropriated their wealth. In fact, to attain Allah one has to go to the friends of Allah and implement the region in personal life by sacrificing himself for the service of creatures of Allah having been guided to the path shown by them. Then only the Haqiqat-e-Hajj (true pilgrimage) will be performed. If you can purify your heart through ascetic practice, Allah Himself will stay there. The holy Hadith corroborates: “The heart of a faithful is the home of Allah.” In that situation by attaining the character of Allah, you will have unlimited peace.
On performing Hajj the pilgrims kiss the stone named ‘Hazre Aswad’ kept in the House of Allah. The conventional notion is if any pilgrim kisses the stone, his sins are forgiven. It is said that once this stone was white. By sipping sins of men it has become black. Hazre Aswad means ‘black stone’. So it was white—this notion is unnecessary. From the biography named ‘Nirbasita Hazrat Hazera (Ra)’ we can know—when Hazrat Bibi Hazera (Ra) was exiled to the desert of Arabia, Hazrat Ibrahim (As) once made up his mind to visit her. Hearing this, his another wife had given a condition—if you intended to go there, you might go; but you won’t land from the back of your camel. Hazrat Ibrahim (As) conceded. When he reached Makkah, Bibi Hazera came there to meet him with her baby boy Ismail (As). ‘Mom, who is he?’ The baby Ismail (As) asked his mother. Bibi Hazera replied, he is your father. Ismail (As) requested his father Hazrat Ibrahim (As) to get down from the camelback. But remembering the promise given to Bibi Sarah, his other wife, he didn’t land. He was shedding tears to affectionate son. At this Bibi Hazera asked him, “O friend of Allah! Are you pledge-bound not to land here?” He said, “Yes.” Then Bibi Hazera gave him a black stone and requested to land on it. Hazrat Ibrahim (As) got down on it. Bibi Hazera and Ismail (As) with etiquette, love and much respect kissed the holy feet of the Prophet of Allah and washed them with the waters of Zamzam Well. Bibi Hazera wiped his holy feet with her hair. She gave him dates to eat and waters of Zamzam Well to drink. Hazrat Ibrahim (As) was very pleased with the services of his exiled wife and the son. He rode the camel again and before leaving prayed to Allah for their wellbeing. After Hazrat Ibrahim (As) had left them, Bibi Hazera and Ismail (As) put the stone at a high place carefully. When they remembered Hazrat Ibrahim (As), the Prophet of Allah, they used to kiss that stone. When the House of Ka’ba was built at the command of Allah, this ‘Hazre Aswad’, the stone bearing the memory of Hazrat Ibrahim (As), was placed in it with due respect. At that time there was a belief that on kissing the stone, which had become holy with the touch of the legs of the friend of Allah, He would forgive all sins of mankind through the medium of Hazrat Ibrahim (As). For this reason the descendents of Hazrat Ibrahim (As) have been kissing ‘Hazre Aswad’ from the very beginning. As the Great Prophet Hazrat Muhammad Mostafa (Sm) was a descendent of Hazrat Ibrahim (As), he used to kiss the stone. About kissing of ‘Hazre Aswad’, Hazrat Omar (Ra) said, “Certainly I know that you are mere a piece of stone; you have no power to do wellbeing or harm to anybody. Therefore, if I wouldn’t have seen my Prophet (Sm) to kiss you, I never would have kissed you.” But today we make our lives endangered having jostled to kiss that stone opposing the friends of Allah.
We see all over the world today—openly opposing the friends of Allah, misappropriating money and wealth of others, many of us are trying to be Haji (pilgrim) through performing Hajj. But we do not think for once at least that to attain Allah one has to go to the friends of Allah and has to love man. A teacher is necessary for worldly education. But on attaining Allah—the notion goes—nobody’s help is necessary. In fact, every thing has external and internal aspects. Similarly the Hajj has its external and internal aspects. If with the external rules the internal aspects of the Hajj are performed properly, it will be Haqiqat-e-Hajj or actual Hajj.
You know that an inhabitant of Yemen named Abdullah Ibne Moafeq, a poor butcher, was saving his hard-earned money for 30 years to perform Hajj. When he would go to the Hajj, a day before his wife said to him, “I will eat meat.” He said, “I have no extra money to buy meat. If I buy it from the money saved for the Hajj, I won’t be able to go to the Hajj.” Then he went to the neighbouring house to bring meat to meet her request. He said to his neighbour, “A smell of cooking-meat is coming out of your house. Please give me a little bit. I have decided go to Hajj. My wife wishes to eat meat. If I buy meat from market, the money for my Hajj will lessen.” The house-owner said, “O brother! This meat is lawful for us but forbidden for you. Because, we are starving for seven days. At last I could not forbear the weeping of my children and brought the meat of a dead ass floating on the river. We are cooking that. So it is legal for us but forbidden for you.”
At this the man wished to go to Hajj had become stunned and thought, ah! Leaving the servants of Allah starving, what benefit shall I have on performing Hajj? So, not going to Hajj, he gave away all his saved money to the members of that family. After the completion of the Hajj, a Wali Allah dreamt that Allah Ta’la accepted only one person’s Hajj that year. And he was none but that butcher. So the holy Hadith says: “Allah doesn’t see the wealth and appearance of man, He sees the mind and intent of man.” So, to have Allah’s favour, one has to love man. The holy Hadith further says: “He who is kind to a creation, the Superior Being (Allah) is kind to him too.” (Meshqat Sharif)
Allah in the holy Qur’an has taught the method of prayer for guiding oneself by possessing the ideals of His friends—“Lead to that path to which You dear ones have gone.” Man can attain pleasure of Allah and nearness to Him easily by following the footprints of His dear ones. Through observing the rules of Hajj, recalling the memories of the great men of the past and achieving determination and inspiration of following them, and leading the real life becomes easy to follow the successors of Hazrat Rasul (Sm). Inspiration and determination to lead life in this way are achieved by performing Hajj, which ultimately makes a man able to become dear one of Allah. In fact, to attain nearness to Allah we must have to learn spiritual knowledge keeping in touch with the great men by performing the actual Hajj. Because, performance of actual Hajj is possible by achieving purification of heart through practising spiritual knowledge.
The great Reformer of the Age and Revivor of Muhammadi Islam Sufi Samrat Hazrat Dewanbagi (Maddazilluhul Ali) Hujur Qibla has given the correct concept on Hajj and Ka’ba, so that the salvation-loving man can realize the actual significance of Ka’ba and nearness to Allah in real life being firm for self-purification through proper practice.
Rasulullah (Sm) in a holy Hadith says: “A man will not be a faithful, until he loves me more than his wealth, father and son, and even his life.” (Bokhari Sharif and Muslim Sharif)
We didn’t see the Prophet of Allah, only have heard his words. Suffering painful oppression he propagated religion. He was passionate for man’s emancipation. Although visiting holy Rowaza of Hazrat Rasul (Sm), according to Shariah Law, is not a part of Hajj, yet the pilgrims do it to have the golden chance of going to Makkah for Hajj crossing thousands of miles. Hazrat Rasul (Sm) is the immortal Prophet. In a holy Hadith he says: “After my demise he who visits my Rowaza as if he meets me alive.” (Tirmizi Sharif) In the light of this Hadith it is understood that in the lifetime of Hazrat Rasul (Sm), going to his touch the light of belief has been created in one’s heart through spirit. Similarly the light of belief enhances by visiting his holy Rowaza with respect and love.
To make the belief firm through achieving love of Hazrat Rasul (Sm), visit of his holy Rowaza is much beneficial. If anybody recites Darud and Salam in the name of Hazrat Rasul (Sm), Nabiji uses to give its reply. In a Hadith he says: “The Darud and Salam that you recite for me, by the Grace of Allah I receive that and give their reply.”
No follower will get salvation without the recommendation of Hazrat Rasul (Sm) on the Day of Judgement. By achieving his love we can make the path of having his recommendations easy to access.
From distance hearing of the words of Hazrat Rasul (Sm) or thinking on them and visiting his holy Rowaza is not the same. So every pilgrim should avail the golden opportunity of visiting the holy Rowaza of Hazrat Rasul (Sm) and pray there for achieving his love.
How the rules of Hajj are to be observed, why those are to be observed, what benefit a pilgrim attains after observing them correctly—if a Muslim performs Hajj with devotion after knowing these matters elaborately, his Hajj will not go in vain; rather it will be accepted by Allah. If we look at the process of observing religion in any Prophet’s Age, we will see that all activities of religion rotated centering the Prophet. It means, the theme of observing a religion lies with properly following the great man who is the founder of that religion. The observer of religion has to maintain respect, faith and love for the friend of Allah. He attains pleasure of Allah to obey him (friend of Allah) and becomes faithful with the spiritual support and favour of the Prophet. In the Age of Friendship the successor of Hazrat Rasul (Sm) the Great Reformer Sufi Samrat Hazrat Dewanbagi Hujur Qibla teaches the rules of observing religion correctly. There are many persons who have been successful in performing Hajj according to the method given by him. In reality, if the rich become able to perform Hajj correctly, the spiritual power showers on their heart as the favour of Allah. But that is not enough. After a shower of rain on dry land it becomes favourable to sow seed. To reap crop seed must be sown on that land. Reaping of crop can’t be expected without sowing seed. Similarly the rich can prepare their heart favourable for holding the light of faith in it through performing Hajj correctly. On return home after completion of Hajj, they have to keep in touch of a Wali-Allah, the successor of Rasul (Sm) and a guide, to be complete believers by sowing the light of faith in their hearts through ascetic practice. Then only their performance of Hajj will be fruitful. Sufi Samrat Dewanbagi Hujur Qibla teaches men in society to be believers in this way.
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